The effect of a proposed educational program based on the theory of successful intelligence on visual culture and the development of probabilistic thinking among fifth-grade primary school students towards mathematics

Abstract

The current research aims to study the effect of a proposed educational program based on the theory of successful intelligence on visual culture and the development of probabilistic thinking among fifth-grade primary school students in mathematics. To achieve the research objectives and test its hypotheses, the researcher formulated two main hypotheses and sub-hypotheses. He relied on an experimental design known as the equivalent group design, which includes pre- and post-tests. The research sample consisted of 80 students, intentionally selected from primary schools in the center of Nineveh Governorate for the 2024-2025 academic year. The students were divided into two groups: the experimental group, which included 40 students, and the control group, which included 40 students.

The researcher compared the two groups on several variables, including: intelligence test scores, mathematics scores, the overall average of students' grades in fourth grade, chronological age in months, parents' educational level, and a pre-test of probabilistic thinking. The researcher used two tools in the study: the first was a visual literacy test consisting of 18 items in its final form, and the second was a probabilistic reasoning test in mathematics, which included 20 items. The validity and reliability of both tests were verified by the researcher teaching the research sample. After completing the teaching of the topics according to the plans prepared for the three groups, the two tools were administered to these groups in the post-test phase. After collecting the data and analyzing it statistically using one-way analysis of variance and the Scheffe test, the results demonstrated the superiority of the two strategies over the traditional method.